|
Helsinki commuter rail ((フィンランド語:Pääkaupunkiseudun lähiliikenne), (スウェーデン語:Huvudstadsregionens närtrafik), proper translation ''Local traffic of the capital region'') is the commuter rail system serving Greater Helsinki, Finland. The network is operated by VR, the Finnish national railway company. Together with the Helsinki Metro, buses, and trams, the network forms the heart of Helsinki's public transportation infrastructure. Trains run primarily above ground in the Helsinki metropolitan area. Within the municipalities of Espoo, Helsinki, Kauniainen, Kerava, Kirkkonummi, and Vantaa, the system uses tickets that are interchangeable with the bus, metro, and tram networks managed by the Helsinki Regional Transport Authority (HSL), which was formed in 2010 by merging the transport sections of the Helsinki Metropolitan Area Council and Helsinki City Transport. Traveling beyond Kerava and Kirkkonummi uses VR commuter tickets, which are sold in zones from A (Helsinki) to H (Lahti). The HSL-zone is completely within VR zones A, B, and C. The network is composed of 14 separate services, pictured in the network map below. They operate on all four branches of the railway lines that begin at the Helsinki Central railway station, which is where they all terminate. The system has a total of 60 stations, 14 of which are within the city of Helsinki. There are about 850 departures on weekdays. The commuter rail services carried a total 55.1 million passengers in 2011.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=VR Group Vuosiraportti 2011 )〕 ==History== In the Helsinki region, local train services have existed since the 1880s. At first, it was offered on the Main Line up to Rekola railway station. The Coastal Line was finished in 1903. This line was built mostly with commuter traffic in mind, so immediately, housing began to develop near the stations. During the steam locomotive era, local traffic was handled with locomotives like the Pr1 (''Paikku'') and wooden carriages with extra wide doors for rapid loading of passengers. The amount of trips increased vastly after Finland gained independence in 1917, with 4 million trips in 1920 and 9 million in 1924. The depression of the 1930s hit the commuter traveling, and there were only 3 million trips at the lowest. By 1939, the amount of trips had risen back to 4 million.〔Herranen, Timo (1988) Från hästomnibussar till metro. Helsingfors stads publikationer nr 39〕 During the short diesel locomotive era from the end of the 1950s to the beginning of the 1970s, commuter services used DMUs of classes Dm7, Dm8, and Dm9. The tracks were not upgraded significantly during steam or diesel eras. Both the Main Line and the beginning of the Coastal Line up to Kirkkonummi had only dual tracks to accommodate long-distance, freight, and commuter trains. The Coastal Line is still only single track between Kirkkonummi and Turku. Current operation started to get its shape in 1969 when the first stretch, between Helsinki and Kirkkonummi, was electrified. Route designation letters were introduced on 28 May 1972. In the same year, the then-existing commuter routes were completely electrified and a third track was added between Helsinki and Tikkurila. The third track was extended to Kerava in 1981. The railway branch from Huopalahti to Martinlaakso, opened in 1975, was built exclusively for commuter trains, being first such line in Finland. It was later further extended to Vantaankoski. In 2015, it was connected to the Hiekkaharju railway station, on the Main Line, by the Ring Rail Line. Currently on the track sections between Helsinki and Leppävaara and Helsinki and Kerava, the commuter services use rails parallel to, but separate from those used by long-distance trains, following the S-Bahn principle. The fourth track, which enabled separate "city track traffic", was ready up to Tikkurila in 1996 and to Kerava in 2004. On the Coastal Line the section between Pasila and Leppävaara was upgraded directly from dual track to four tracks in 2001. The railway branch from Kerava to Lahti, opened in 2006, was built as a shortcut for long-distance services, and also for the use of the new commuter service Z. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Helsinki commuter rail」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|